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Because microbial surfaces are in direct contact with the external environment, they are vital to organisms. Microbial surfaces play key roles in determining cellular shape and growth, enabling organisms to resist turgor pressure, acting as molecular sieves, and mediating molecular recognition and cellular interactions. Therefore, studying the structure
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is being used in a great variety of force measurement applications, including investigating the unfolding pathways of native membrane proteins, probing the structure of single polysaccharide molecules, and monitoring the response of living cells to biochemical stimuli. All of these techniques rely on the accurate determination
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. Designed with the infrequent or novice user in mind, Easy AFM® provides a single interface that presents the user with all of the inputs required to obtain high quality Tapping Mode® images on a majority of samples in air. Two of the hardest things for new users to become familiar with is the process of mounting cantilevers and the alignment
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The atomic force microscope (AFM) offers extraordinarily high resolution in force measurement applications, routinely yielding useful data down to the thermal noise floor of the cantilever, typically about 10pN. This along with the ease with which it is applied to many biological systems has made it a popular tool for studying such things as the specific
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Fluorescence microscopy has become an indispensable tool in cell biology because it allows specific proteins to be visualized. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is also becoming extensively used in the life sciences, but its development has largely followed an independent path and is used for somewhat different, but often complementary, purposes. Both methods
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Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 TappingModeTM imaging has proved to be the most versatile mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ambient conditions where the presence of a fluid layer (condensed water vapor and other contaminants) severely limits the applicability of both, contact mode and non-contact techniques. Overcoming the
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In addition to its high resolution imaging capabilities, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a powerful tool for measuring both the nanomechanical properties and interaction forces of biomolecular complexes. While the majority of these types of AFM studies have been conducted on isolated molecules, for true biological relevance these investigations
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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) operates by scanning a sharp tip, supported on a sensitive force-sensing cantilever, over the sample and thereby producing a three-dimensional image of the surface. As the tip scans across the samples, changes in the interactions with the surface alter the vertical deflection of the tip. These changes in deflection are