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Hi again Huabin, The deflection channel is literally an image of the variation in your setpoint, so on average it should be some definite value (your setpoint - apart from peaks and troughs when the probe encounters sharp height variation). So you can take this value and use it as the "z" value in the Hookes' law equation I mentioned previously
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Hi Huabin, The normal loading force for imaging or force curves is simply calculated using Hookes law F=kz. There are various ways to determine the spring constant k [N/m] (see one of our application notes regarding this). z [m] is determined by multiplying the deflection sensitivity [m/V] by the setpoint [V] and by setpoint I mean difference between
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Hi Karin, For Kelvin Probe measurements I always find the best "standard" sample is simply an interdigitated electrode sample that you can apply user selected bias to and then read out in the Kelvin Probe measurements. Even simpler is to use something like HOPG that is electrically connected to the AFM chuck and again verify you measure changes
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Hi Gronfisk, Firstly the resonant frequency scales with the square root of the spring constant. The main consideration for resonant frequency and force constant is whether the tip will be used in contact or tapping modes. In contact mode you generally would like a low spring constant to minimise both samples and tip damage. In tapping mode you would