Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) are most often used for high-resolution imaging and detailed surface characterization, but soon after their invention it was recognized that they could also be used to change, interact with, and control nanoscale matter. A well-known early example of this was the IBM logo written with Xenon atoms by Don Eigler‘s group at the IBM Almadén Research Center. Lars Samuelson’s group at the University of Lund suggested it would be possible to build nano-objects with larger, molecular-sized building blocks and assemble them with an AFM in ambient conditions.